[29] At this stage a small "creeper" crane was installed in each leg, designed to move up the tower as construction progressed and making use of the guides for the elevators which were to be fitted in each leg. 2019 - Alexandre Gustave Bönickhausen. Der Entwurf stammte vom Architekten Charles Léon Stephen Sauvestre nach einer Konstruktionsidee von Maurice Koechlin. Following complaints about noise from people living nearby, he moved his experiments to a new establishment at Auteuil in 1912. [12] Die Namensverkürzung hatte er am 30. ), État-civil de la Côte-d’Or, Dijon, Registres d’état civil (Geburts- und Namensregister) 1832, p. 249, Eine Brücke Eiffels stürzte ein. Vanity Fair caricature by JB Guth (real name Jean-Baptiste Guth, 1883–1921). Geneviève was born on June 30 1845, in Dijon, 21, Cote d'Or. In dessen Sterbeeintrag findet sich der Namenszusatz „dit Eiffel“ (genannt Eiffel).[12]. Claire Eiffel, Valentine Eiffel, and Laura Eiffel are their daughter. Bonickhausen dit Eiffel (genannt Eiffel). Gustave Eiffel starb 1923 im Alter von 91 Jahren und wurde auf dem Friedhof von Levallois-Perret, nordwestlich von Paris, beigesetzt. Dezember 1923 in Paris) war ein französischer Ingenieur. Gustave Eiffel's career was a result of the Industrial Revolution. Like the Douro bridge, the project involved a lengthy viaduct crossing the river valley as well as the river itself, and Eiffel was given the job without any process of competitive tendering due to his success with the bridge over the Douro. Am Rande der Urkunde befindet sich aber der Vermerk, dass per Richterspruch des erstinstanzlichen Gerichts von Dijon vom 15. Dezember 1880 durch Gerichtsbeschluss in Eiffel ändern. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields. Champs; Ingénierie, chimie, industrie, architecture Institutions; Collège Sainte-Barbe, Diplôme École centrale Paris, promotion 1855. Following the completion of the project on schedule Eiffel was appointed as the principal engineer of the Compagnie Belge. Jahrhunderts in der Eifel lebte. Statt die Brücke – wie üblich – als Vollwandträger auszuführen, konstruierte Eiffel den Überbau als leichte Fachwerkkonstruktion, die er auch künftig bevorzugte. Eiffel was selected because of his experience with wind stresses. The components, some already riveted together into sub-assemblies, were first bolted together, the bolts being replaced by rivets as construction progressed. The usual pattern for building a railway terminus was to conceal the metal structure behind an elaborate facade: Eiffel's design for Budapest used the metal structure as the centerpiece of the building, flanked on either side by conventional stone and brick-clad structures housing administrative offices. Further promotion within the company followed, but the business began to decline, and in 1865 Eiffel, seeing no future there, resigned and set up as an independent consulting engineer. In dieser Sparte bestand damals eine große Nachfrage nach Ingenieuren und zugleich eine hohe Personalfluktuation. [28] The task of drawing the components was complicated by the complex angles involved in the design and the degree of precision required: the positions of rivet holes were specified to within 0.1 mm (0.04 in) and angles worked out to one second of arc. Alles über die interessantesten Brücken der Welt. (Lithograph by Vincent Brooks, Day & Son) AGE, one of the chief architects behind the Eiffel Tower: 15 December 1832 – 27 December 1923. The French Panama Canal Company, headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps, had been attempting to build a sea-level canal, but came to the realization that this was impractical. Gustave Eiffel ever worked as a private secretary for a railway engineer before he becomes famous. Auszug aus dem Geburtsregister von Dijon, 713/1832, erstellt am 13. This gave ammunition to his critics, and lurid headlines including "Eiffel Suicide!" Heute wäre Gustave Eiffel 187 Jahre alt. The tower had been a subject of some controversy, attracting criticism both from those who did not believe it feasible and from those who objected on artistic grounds. Dezember 1923 in Paris) war ein französischer Ingenieur mit deutschen Vorfahren. [8] Eiffel was not a studious child, and thought his classes at the Lycée Royal in Dijon boring and a waste of time, although in his last two years, influenced by his teachers for history and literature, he began to study seriously, and he gained his baccalauréats in humanities and science. [10] During his second year he chose to specialize in chemistry, and graduated ranking at 13th place out of 80 candidates in 1855. Seine Frau starb jedoch schon sehr früh im Jahr 1877. His researches, published in 1907 and 1911, on the resistance of the air in connection with aviation, are especially valuable. The four legs, each at an angle of 54° to the ground, were initially constructed as cantilevers, relying on the anchoring bolts in the masonry foundation blocks. Er heiratete danach seine Cousine Chantall Letou. November 2020 um 13:37 Uhr bearbeitet. Gustave Eiffel was a French engineer who designed and oversaw construction of the Eiffel Tower. November 1877) und des Ponte Dom Luís I in Porto (31. Eiffel's proposal was for a bridge whose deck was supported by five iron piers, with the abutments of the pair on the river bank also bearing a central supporting arch. Der älteste nachweisbare Vorfahre der Familie Bönickhausen in Frankreich ist Jean René Bönickhausen, der am 30. Seinem wichtigsten Projekt ging eine Patentanmeldung vom 18. Die deutsche Schreibung des Namens Bonickhausen ist Bönickhausen mit Umlautzeichen. The bridge over the Douro came about as the result of a competition held by the Royal Portuguese Railroad Company. On 6 October 1868 he entered into partnership with Théophile Seyrig, like Eiffel a graduate of the École Centrale, forming the company Eiffel et Cie. Eiffels Geburtsname lautete Alexandre Gustave Bonickhausen dit Eiffel.Gustave Bonickhausen dit („genannt“) Eiffel ließ seinen Nachnamen am 15. Lebenslauf. Notable structures built by the Eiffel Company and its predecessors The same year the company was given the contract for the Garabit viaduct, a railway bridge near Ruynes en Margeride in the Cantal département. Gustave Eiffel, for his part, is more complete in his response, but his arguments seem equally astonishing. Dieser erkannte sein Talent und machte ihn zum Projektmanager im Eisenbahnbrückenbau. Eiffel zeigte Durchhaltevermögen, diplomatische Menschenkenntnis und vor allem großes Organisationstalent, immer die geeignetsten Fachleute für seine Projekte zu gewinnen und zusammenzuführen. Rekorde, Brückenbaupioniere, die bekanntesten und schönsten Brücken der Welt. [9] He was a descendant of Jean-René Bönickhausen, who had emigrated from the German town of Marmagen and settled in Paris at the beginning of the 18th century. [18] One of these, a pavilion for the Paris Gas Company, was Eiffel's first collaboration with Stephen Sauvestre, who was later to become the head of the company's architectural office. After discussing the technical problems and emphasising the practical uses of the tower, he finished his talk by saying that the tower would symbolise[24].mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "not only the art of the modern engineer, but also the century of Industry and Science in which we are living, and for which the way was prepared by the great scientific movement of the eighteenth century and by the Revolution of 1789, to which this monument will be built as an expression of France's gratitude.". „Bonickhausen dit Eiffel“ („genannt Eiffel“). Dezember 1832 als Alexandre Gustave Bonickhausen dit Eiffel[1] in Dijon; † 27. Who Was Gustave Eiffel? Eiffel devised a structure consisting of a four legged pylon to support the copper sheeting which made up the body of the statue. 1858 ernannte man ihn zum leitenden Ingenieur beim Bau einer 500 Meter langen Eisenbahnbrücke über die Garonne in Bordeaux (später Passerelle Eiffel genannt), die im Juli 1860 eröffnet wurde[3] und als sein erstes Bauwerk gilt. Eiffel was initially given the responsibility of assembling the metalwork and eventually took over the management of the entire project from Nepveu, who resigned in March 1860.[13]. [16] The station in Budapest was an innovative design. And for twenty years ... we shall see stretching like a blot of ink the hateful shadow of the hateful column of bolted sheet metal". Genealogy for Joseph Alexandre Édouard Eiffel (1866 - 1933) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Oktober 1881). Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) Eiffel (French Eiffel Constructions métalliques) is part of the Eiffage group and the descendant of the engineering company Société des Établissements Eiffel founded by Gustave Eiffel, designer of the Eiffel Tower. [26], "To bring our arguments home, imagine for a moment a giddy, ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack, crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame, the Tour Saint-Jacques, the Louvre, the Dome of les Invalides, the Arc de Triomphe, all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream. Suddenly, everything changes when Eiffel crosses paths with a mysterious woman from his past. Sauvestre added the decorative arches to the base, a glass pavilion to the first level and the cupola at the top. A graduate of the prestigious École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures of France, he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. Biography An engineer, Gustave Eiffel designed 100’s of lattice- like metal structures of all kinds and sizes . Contents Biography - Studies - Career Works - Buildings and structures - Bridges - Eiffel Tower - Statue of Liberty - Nice Observatory 3. Shortly before the trial Eiffel had announced his intention to resign from the Board of Directors of the Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel, and did so at a General Meeting held on 14 February, saying "I have absolutely decided to abstain from any participation in any manufacturing business from now on, and so that no one can be misled and to make it most evident that I intend to remain absolutely uninvolved with the management of the establishments which bear my name, I insist that my name should disappear from the name of the company. An important part in his education was played by his uncle, Jean-Baptiste Mollerat, who had invented a process for distilling vinegar and had a large chemical works near Dijon, and one of his uncle's friends, the chemist Michel Perret. Jahrhunderts leistete Eiffel Pionierarbeit auf dem Gebiet der Windkanäle mit Experimenten zur Untersuchung des Luftwiderstandes von verschiedenen geometrischen Formen und legte damit einen Grundstein für den modernen Flugzeugbau. Gustave Eiffel Inauguration. Die väterlichen Vorfahren Gustave Eiffels trugen den Namen Bonickhausen-Eiffel bzw. In May 1884 Koechlin, working at his home, made an outline drawing of their scheme, described by him as "a great pylon, consisting of four lattice girders standing apart at the base and coming together at the top, joined together by metal trusses at regular intervals". 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Some have already been destroyed, like in Vietnam. These were constructed with the aid of compressed air caissons and hydraulic rams, both innovative techniques at the time. A number of different types were produced, ranging from footbridges to standard-gauge railway bridges. Just as work began at the Champ de Mars, the "Committee of Three Hundred" (one member for each metre of the tower's height) was formed, led by Charles Garnier and including some of the most important figures of the French arts establishment, including Adolphe Bouguereau, Guy de Maupassant, Charles Gounod and Jules Massenet: a petition was sent to Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, the Minister of Works, and was published by Le Temps. The dome, with a diameter of 22.4 m (73 ft), was the largest in the world when built and used an ingenious bearing device: rather than running on wheels or rollers, it was supported by a ring-shaped hollow girder floating in a circular trough containing a solution of magnesium chloride in water. Although he was simply a contractor, he was charged along with the directors of the project with raising money under false pretenses and misappropriation of funds. Jahrhunderts in der Eifel lebte. Décès 27 décembre 1923 (à 91 ans). After his retirement from the Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel, Eiffel went on to do important work in meteorology and aerodynamics. "[35] The company changed its name to La Société Constructions Levallois-Perret, with Maurice Koechlin as managing director. Gustave Eiffel, der zusammen mit seinen Ingenieuren E. Nougier und M. Koechlin die Errichtung des Turms genial ins Werk setzte, war in direkter väterlicher Linie der Nachkomme eines nach Frankreich ausgewanderten Eifelers. Eiffel went on to attend the Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris, to prepare for the difficult entrance exams set by engineering colleges in France, and qualified for entry to two of the most prestigious schools – École polytechnique and École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures – and ultimately entered the latter. (Münchenstein, Schweiz, 1891), http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives.php?page_id=24, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Eiffel&oldid=205814987, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“, Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave (vollständiger Name), 1892 beteiligte er sich am Wettbewerb um den Bau der Dreifaltigkeitsbrücke in. Eiffel died on 27 December 1923, while listening to Beethoven's 5th symphony andante, in his mansion on Rue Rabelais in Paris, France. Although the family always used the name Eiffel, Gustave's name was registered at birt… At 2.35 Eiffel hoisted a large tricolour, to the accompaniment of a 25-gun salute fired from the lower level.[30]. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 22. Jahrhunderts in Aremberg, Kreis Ahrweiler, und in Marmagen, Kreis Euskirchen, und stand dort als ludimagister (Schulmeister) und Sakristan in Kirchendiensten. Gustave EIFFEL, born 15 December 1832 - Dijon, 21000, Côte-d'Or, France, deceased 27 December 1923 - Paris, 75008, Paris, ... Edouard EIFFEL 1866-1933; Valentine EIFFEL 1870-1965 Married 23 January 1890, Église Saint-François de Sales - Paris, 75017, Paris, France, toCamille PICCIONI 1859-1932; Albert EIFFEL 1873-1941 Sources. The family adopted the name Eiffel as a reference to the Eifelmountains in the region from which they had come. [31] Eiffel had been working on the project for little more than a year when the company suspended payments of interest on 14 December 1888,[32] and shortly afterwards was put into liquidation. After this brief pause erection of the metalwork continued, and the critical operation of linking the four legs was successfully completed by March 1888. Eiffel was to receive all income from the commercial exploitation during the exhibition and for the following twenty years. [37] Eiffel's interest in these areas was a consequence of the problems he had encountered with the effects of wind forces on the structures he had built. The enhanced idea gained Eiffel's support for the project, and he bought the rights to the patent on the design which Koechlin, Nougier and Sauvestre had taken out. After a few months working as an unpaid assistant to his brother-in-law, who managed a foundry, Eiffel approached the railway engineer Charles Nepveu, who gave Eiffel his first paid job as his private secretary. The government is asking Eiffel to design something spectacular for the 1889 Paris World Fair, but Eiffel simply wants to design the subway. He then built a laboratory on the Champ de Mars at the foot of the tower in 1905, building his first wind tunnel there in 1909. These used a small number of standard components, all small enough to be readily transportable in areas with poor or non-existent roads, and were joined together using bolts rather than rivets, reducing the need for skilled labour on site. Januar 1734 im Alter von 75 Jahren in Saint-Valery-sur-Somme in der Picardie verstarb. Alexandre gustave eiffel 1. [5][6] 1879 begann er mit der Entwicklung eines ausgeklügelten Trägersystems für die Tragwerke des inneren Stützgerüsts der von dem Franzosen Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi entworfenen Freiheitsstatue in New York, deren Einweihung am 28. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel Herkunft und akademische Ausbildung Den meisten von uns ist Gustave Eiffel vor allem durch "seinen Turm" bekannt, der zum Wahrzeichen der französichen Hauptstadt wurde, und vielleicht weiß der eine oder andere auch, dass seine Firma das Innenleben der New Yorker Freiheitsstatue konstruiert hat. Gustave Eiffel ist am 27. Both men spent a lot of time with the young Eiffel, teaching him about everything from chemistry and mining to theology and philosophy. Eiffel established that the lift produced by an airfoil was the result of a reduction of air pressure above the wing rather than an increase of pressure acting on the under surface. Eiffel had meteorological measuring equipment placed on the tower in 1889, and also built a weather station at his house in Sèvres. In 1879 the partnership with Seyrig was dissolved, and the company was renamed the Compagnie des Établissements Eiffel. Der nach dem Erbauer Gustave Eiffel benannte und zum Errichtungszeitpunkt noch 312 Meter hohe Turm war von seiner Erbauung bis zur Fertigstellung des Chrysler Building 1930 in New York das höchste Bauwerk der Welt. They led, in 2010, to the decision to list Eiffel's Bordeaux bridge as a French Historical Monument. Diese Eisenbahnbrücke überspannt noch heute in der Nähe des Städtchens Saint Flour das eindrucksvolle Tal der Truyère. Bereits vor der Bauzeit des Eiffelturms beantragte Gustave die Änderung seines – für Franzosen unaussprechlichen – Familiennamens auf „Eiffel“,[9] die am 15. The entire statue was erected at the Eiffel works in Paris before being dismantled and shipped to the United States.[22]. In 1886 Eiffel also designed the dome for the Astronomical Observatory in Nice. 1880 erhielt er den Zuschlag für den Bau des Viadukts von Garabit, das wegen seiner Höhe (122 Meter) und seiner gebogenen Form Aufsehen erregte und erst im Juli 1888 eröffnet werden konnte. Thus he attacks his answer by the aesthetic criterion, arguing that we can only judge on the piece because it is not yet built. [37], A number of works of Gustave Eiffel are in danger today. On-site work began in January 1876 and was complete by the end of October 1877: the bridge was ceremonially opened by King Luís I and Queen Maria Pia, after whom the bridge was named, on 4 November. This was less than a quarter of the estimated cost of six and a half million francs. [38], In 1913 Eiffel was awarded the Samuel P. Langley Medal for Aerodromics by the Smithsonian Institution. The task was a demanding one: the river was fast-flowing, up to 20 m (66 ft) deep, and had a bed formed of a deep layer of gravel which made the construction of piers on the river bed impossible, and so the bridge had to have a central span of 160 m (520 ft). Firstly he was ready to adopt innovative techniques first used by others, such as his use of compressed-air caissons and hollow cast-iron piers, and secondly he was a pioneer in his insistence on basing all engineering decisions on thorough calculation of the forces involved, combining this analytical approach with an insistence on a high standard of accuracy in drawing and manufacture. Auf Braibant zurückgehend hat sich die Erklärung verbreitet, dass dessen 1680 in Marmagen getaufter Sohn Wilhelm Heinrich um 1710 nach Frankreich ausgewandert sei und sich dort Jean René Bönickhausen mit dem Zusatz Eiffel genannt habe. Oktober 1878 beim Justizministerium beantragt und ausführlich begründet.[15]. Von 1872 bis 1874 war Eiffel in Südamerika tätig, wo er in Chile, Bolivien und Peru arbeitete. Mai 1878. The design of the Eiffel Tower was originated by Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, who had discussed ideas for a centrepiece for the 1889 Exposition Universelle. They have given engineers the data for designing and constructing flying machines upon sound, scientific principles. Mai 1889 Eröffnung feierte. Marie Gaudelet Facts about Gustave Eiffel 3: His job before famous. September 1884 voraus „für ein neues Verfahren, das es erlaubt, Metallpfeiler und -pylonen von einer Höhe zu bauen, die dreihundert Meter übersteigen kann“. Whereas Albert Eiffel and Edouard Eiffel are their sons. April 1711 im Haus des Herzogs von Gramont in der rue Neuve Saint-Augustin in der Pfarrei St-Roch, Paris, Marie Lideriz heiratete und als Angestellter der Ferme générale am 7. Die wesentlichen Ingenieuraufgaben beim Garrabit-Viadukt (Entwurf und Statik) wurden vo…